|
HISTORY OF CAPPADOCIA
In addition to natural changes throughout the
history of Cappadocia is home to many civilizations
have done, that some of these in chronological
order.
(BC3000-1750) Assyrian Trade Colonies Period
BC
Between the years 2000-1750 living in northern
Mesopotamia established commercial colonies in
Anatolia Assurlu merchants constituted the first
trade organization.
This is the center of trade in Kayseri Kültepe,
Kanis-Karum'dur (Karum: Trade on the market place).
Documents mentioned can be detected and one
karumlardan Karum-Hattuşaş'tur (Boğazköy).
Rich gold, silver and copper resources, which has
Anatolia, which are necessary for an alloy of tin
bronze was poor in.
Merchants brought their tin, various fabrics and
scents of this trade were the main materials.
Never has the political advantage of non-indigenous
merchants were under the auspices of the brain.
Thanks to the post for the first time in Anatolia
Assurlu merchants are.
Cappadocian Tablets called Old Assurca written in
cuneiform texts, merchants on the way to the
development of the brain were 10% yield, which owe
the public interest at a rate of 30% from their
Anatolian king sold to 5% over the goods they pay
taxes they are understood.
Yet in these tablets they are married to women and
Assurlu merchants Anatolian Anatolian women's rights
to protect marriage contracts where materials can be
seen.
Other cylinder seals from merchants Assurlu text
mining, temples and the gods have their ideas
brought to Anatolia.
Thus, indigenous art of Anatolia, Mesopotamia,
developed under the influence of art as unique has
revealed a new understanding of art.
The further development of this art have formed the
foundation of Hittite art.
(M.Ö.1750 - 1200) Period of Hittite
M.Ö.II.
early in the bin came from Europe via the Caucasus,
the Hittites settled in Cappadocia, and then fused
with indigenous peoples have established the empire.
Languages Indo-European language is from the group.
Capitals Hattuşaş (Boğazköy) important cities of the
Hittites and Alişar'dır Alacahöyük.
Cappadocia Region in the whole mound is possible to
see remains of the Hittites.
This is in addition to the Hittite Empire period,
especially in the strategically important gateway to
Cappadocia and the waterfront as a relief to the
high rock monuments are processed.
This rock monument in the south of the country
thanks to the Hittite king to reach is possible to
determine the way through.
Within the borders of Kayseri Erciyes Mountain is
located south of the Fraktin, Tasci and İmamkulu
rock monuments consecrated to the gods, the Great
King (Hattusilis III) and Queen's (Puduhepa) show
gratitude to the gods of the empire, as well as
showing the limits of the power of propaganda
monuments are one.
(1200-700 BC) Late Hittite Period
To almost all major cities in Central Anatolia
Phrygians destroyed after eliminating the Hittite
Empire in Central and Southeastern Anatolia Late
Hittite Kingdoms has emerged.
Late Hittite Kingdom in Cappadocia in Kayseri, Nigde
and Nevsehir in the field Tabal Krallığı'dır.
This period Amateur - Sivasa (Gökçetoprak),
Acıgöl-Topada, Hacibektas - Karaburna written in the
village of the Hittite rock monuments are
Hieroglyphics.
(M.Ö.585-332) the Persians and the Kingdom of
Cappadocia
An end to sovereignty as a result of the Phrygian
Kimmerler'in Anatolia Medes (BC 585), then the
Persians (M.Ö.547) are seen.
Persians region 'Satrap' name, they were run by the
governor.
In the language of ancient Persia "Katpatuka" called
Cappadocia region, the 'Type Horse Country' meant.
Persians, depending on the Zoroastrian religion and
fire, they say they are sacred volcano in the
region, especially Erciyes and Hasandağı'nı, were
considered sacred.
Persians, from Cappadocia, which connects to the
Aegean through their capital, 'the King's Road
developed.
BC Macedonian King Alexander
334 and 332 as successive armies defeated the
Persians at this great empire was destroyed.
Alexander the great resistance in Cappadocia washed
Pers Empire has encountered.
Alexander, commander of the region to control
Sabiktas'ı tasked people opposed the king declared
Ariarathes'i of noble and ancient Persia.
As a hardworking administrator I.
Ariarathes (M.Ö.332-322) expanded the boundaries of
the kingdom of Cappadocia.
Live in peace until the death of Alexander the
Kingdom of Cappadocia, a province of Rome until the
MS17 to protect the assets of Macedonian,
Pontuslularla, in Galatians, the Romans had to fight
with.
(M.S. 17-395) Roman
By connecting to Rome Tiberius Cappadocia MS1 7 put
an end to turmoil in the region.
After the Romans conquered the region to the west
made a way to provide access to the Aegean.
This road was important from both military and
commercial terms.
During Roman rule, in the form of migration from the
east to the region as well as attacks have happened.
Romans against the new arrivals 'legion' name, they
were resisted with military units.
Emperor Septimus Severus in the period of economic
revival from the very center of Cappadocia Kayseri,
in later years has suffered attacks from Iran
Sassanid.
Against these attacks around the city Gordianus III
turn has walls.
In the meantime, the first Christians in Anatolia
began to spread some of the big cities began to
migrate from their villages.
Has become an important religious center of Kayseri
4
century, exploring the rocks around Goreme and the
Christians, the Bishop of Kayseri which adopted the
world view of St. Basil's monastic life began in the
rocks.
(397-1071)
Roman Empire divided into two of the Eastern Roman
Empire under the influence of Cappadocia remained.
The first year in Cappadocia 7th century intense
battles between the Byzantines had Sasanilerle.
Sassanids region from 6 to 7 years were held.
When collapsed, this time in the Arab Caliph Osman
651'de Sassanids-Umayyad migration has suffered
raids.
The ongoing sectarian conflict in long-III.
Icons of Islam ban affected, Leon's has reached its
peak.
In this situation, some Christian icons pro monks
began to asylum in Cappadocia.
Movement lasted more than a hundred years İkonoklasm
(726-843).
During this period, under the influence of several
Cappadocian churches were in the middle of
ikonoklasm those in favor of the icon continued to
worship where they can be easily hidden.
(1071-1299) Seljuk Period
Turkey was founded by the Seljuks of Oghuz Seljuk
homeland of Central Asia.
10.
century, Islam spread northwards accept Seljuks,
Islam did not accept the sovereignty of the people
struggling with the continuously worked to expand.
Byzantine Emperor Romanos, the son of the grandson
of Seljuk Diogenes'in Alparslan defeated in the year
1071 to decline to Byzantium in Anatolia led to the
start of a new era.
In 1075 the Anatolian Seljuk State is established.
Kayseri is conquered and thus the Seljuks 1082'de
Enters Cappadocia.
Which is an important residential area and the
spread of Christianity, Anatolia hereinafter from
North Africa, Middle East and Near East regions,
including Islam has been reaching to.
The conquest of Anatolia by the Seljuk Turks, did
not affect the administrative efficiency of the
patriarchate.
Because 13
century St. George's Church of the inscriptions in
the region of İhlara Seljuk Sultan II.
Massoud and the Byzantine Emperor II.
Andronicus'un the praises of the names are.
Upon the weakening of the Anatolian Seljuk State at
the end of 13th century in various regions of
Anatolia and Cappadocia Region
beyliklerortayaçıkar.1308yılındaMoğolkökenliİlhanlılar
Anatolian invasion is an important city of Kayseri
is whether the collapse will be destroyed.
Under the influence of Seljuk sultans of Mongol
administration remain independent and not moving.
Turkey has now established the principalities of
Anatolia in length will be managed.
Ottoman
Cappadocia Region, in the Ottoman period was also
very quiet.
Nevşehir, Niğde Damat Ibrahim Pasha connected to a
small village up in the quarter was.
18.
century, especially in the early time of Damat
Ibrahim Pasha, Nevşehir, Amateur, Ozkonak, Avanos
and Urgup in the reconstruction movement developed;
mosques, complex and fountains was constructed.
Ottoman Sultan at the center of town Ozkonak did
Yavuz Sultan Selim during eastern time (1514) the
bridge, early Ottoman structure in Nevşehir is
important to have.
As in the Seljuk period in the Ottoman period in the
region against Christians who are tolerant.
Urgup / Sinasos' taki the 18.yüzyıla Konstantin
-Eleni Church, the church and on behalf of Dimitrius
Gülşehir'deki the 19th century Orthodox Church
Derinkuyu'daki the most beautiful examples of this.
|
